ICIJ Member Works
By Bill Birnbauer and Leo Sisti
WASHINGTON, April 11, 2001 A Public i report on tobacco smuggling and organized crime has been
introduced into the Australian Parliament, amid warnings that the issues raised
should figure in a billion-dollar deal involving British American Tobacco and
its national affiliate.
"The report reads like something out of a James Bond novel," said Labor
member Jann McFarlane of Stirling. "It includes the U.S. Mafia, Triads and
Sicilian crime families."
McFarlane introduced the report by the International Consortium of
Investigative Journalists, a project of the Center for Public Integrity, into
the federal Parliament April 1.
A close eye should be kept on the outcome of an investigation by the British
Department of Trade and Industry, as well as civil racketeering cases brought by
the European Community and the governors of Colombia against BAT, Philip Morris
and R.J. Reynolds in U.S. District Court, she said.
"An adverse finding in either of these against British American Tobacco PLC will raise questions regarding the company's corporate citizenship. This
is extremely important now that British American Tobacco Australasia is
almost wholly controlled by it," said McFarlane.
The British government investigation, launched last October, followed an
investigation by ICIJ and reported on The Public i, which found that BAT
-- the world's second-biggest tobacco manufacturer -- for decades secretly
encouraged tax evasion and cigarette smuggling.
| REPORTS |
- Tobacco Companies Linked to Criminal Organizations in Lucrative Cigarette Smuggling (March
3, 2001)
- Tobacco
Firms Used Suspected Drug Traffickers, EU Says
(Nov. 7, 2000)
-
U.K. Considering Formal Investigation into Cigarette Smuggling (June
15, 2000)
- Philip
Morris Accused of Smuggling, Money-Laundering Conspiracy in Racketeering
Lawsuit. (May 23, 2000)
- Global
Reach of Tobacco Company's Involvement in Cigarette Smuggling Exposed in
Company Papers. (Feb. 2, 2000)
- Major
Tobacco Multinational Implicated In Cigarette Smuggling, Tax Evasion,
Documents Show (Jan. 31, 2000)
|
|
A
further investigation by the journalists' consortium, published in March,
found that senior officials at British American Tobacco, Philip Morris and R.J.
Reynolds worked closely with companies and individuals directly connected to
organized crime in at least five countries.
BAT Australasia is being taken over by its British parent in a $1.1 billion deal that
comes after its chairman, Nick Greiner, approached the UK company in
2000 because of concerns about BAT Australasia's share price.
Greiner and BAT Australasia might not have been aware, before the merger, of
the "shadow on BAT Plc's reputation in relation to cigarette smuggling,"
McFarlane said.
She added that while the sale of illegal tobacco was highly organized and profitable, in Australia smuggling was largely confined to
"chop chop" cheap, untaxed tobacco sold in plastic bags in delicatessens,
pubs and from the back of cars.
However, smuggling in Asia and elsewhere was a highly organized and
profitable industry, she said. In East Timor, for example, smokers could buy a carton of
Marlboro for the price of a packet in Australia.
A spokesman for BAT Australasia, Brendan Brady, said BAT would comment on the British investigation only after it was concluded and reported. In
Australia, the company worked closely with authorities to clamp down on illegal
"chop chop" sales, the spokesman said.
Italian Report Criticizes Philip Morris
In Italy, meanwhile, a parliamentary report has criticized Philip Morris for
not doing enough to help authorities track cigarette smugglers linked to
criminal organizations.
Philip Morris signed an agreement in 1999 with the Italian Financial
Administration, aimed at reducing smuggling. The agreement called for a special
bar-code system capable of tracing the producing factory and the first purchaser
of smuggled cigarettes.
Italian authorities insisted on having bar codes on every carton of 10 packs
of cigarettes. But Philip Morris would agree only to put the bar-code on
cigarette cases (10,000 cigarettes each), where bar code stamps can be more
easily removed, according to the report.
"It's important to know who the first purchaser (of the seized loads)
is, because through him and as a result of an intelligence action we can go back
up to the organizer of the traffic," Vittorio Cutrupi, general manager of
the Government-owned Italian Tobacco Monopoly, said in response to questions
during commission hearings in Rome in early March.
The 130-page report, criticizing Philip Morris, was approved by the
anti-mafia
commission of Italy's parliament and was the result of an eight-month
investigation into cigarette smuggling.
A senior member of the Anti-mafia Investigative Agency, who spoke to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists on condition of
anonymity, said: "Unanimously, the tobacco multinationals and the smugglers
refuse the bar code system stamped on every carton because smugglers would be
forced to lose time unwrapping cartons to avoid the identification of those
packets."
Cigarette loads smuggled across the Adriatic from Montenegro and seized by
Italy's tax and customs police, the Guardia di Finanza, have been packed in
cases or cartons with no bar codes.
"The multinationals don't want to lose revenues from contraband, which
represent more than 30 percent of the total world trade," the report said.
It estimated that 280 billion cigarettes out of 1,000 billion cigarettes
exported annually by tobacco manufacturers are traded on the black market,
nearly triple the 1990 estimate of 100 billion cigarettes. The report estimated
that countries suffer around $16 billion in lost tax and duty revenues from
cigarette smuggling every year.
Members of Italy's Anti-mafia Investigative Agency were quoted in the report
as saying that "the poor collaboration of the multinationals in the
investigations on the bar-code system proves their attitude toward the matter of
contraband."
"The 1999 agreement (with Philip Morris) didn't work," Italian
Finance Minister Ottaviano Del Turco said during the commission hearings.
The commission report also criticized the role played by Montenegro in the
contraband cigarette market. "Institutional leaders of Montenegro were
aware of the contraband system and they took part in it," the report said.
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